Case Report: Bartonella quintana Endocarditis Outside of the Europe-African Gradient: Comprehensive Review of Cases within North America

Clinical syndromes associated with Bartonella quintana infection can be insidious and difficult to diagnose for multiple reasons. Clinically, B. quintana can manifest as asymptomatic bacteremia or with subtle subacute constitutional symptoms. Second, it is a fastidious organism that is difficult to identify using traditional culture methods. Last, the body lice vector of B. quintana transmission is likely not uncommonin most patients affected, who are homeless and of low socioeconomic status. Therefore, barriers in seeking medical care and financial constraints for medications are important considerations. The mainstay of literature surrounding B. quintana endocarditis is from Europe and the developing nations. Herein, wedescribe a case of native valve endocarditis secondary to B. quintana in a homeless male with preexisting valvular disease and undertake a comprehensive literature review of documented B. quintana endocarditis in North America.