On the nature and importance of cultural tightness-looseness

被引:672
作者
Gelfand, Michele J. [1 ]
Nishii, Lisa H.
Raver, Jana L.
机构
[1] Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
[2] Cornell Univ, Dept Human Resource Studies, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
[3] Queens Univ, Sch Business, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
关键词
culture; norms; tightness-looseness; multilevel theorizing; organizations;
D O I
10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1225
中图分类号
B849 [应用心理学];
学科分类号
040203 ;
摘要
Cross-cultural research is dominated by the use of values despite their mixed empirical support and their limited theoretical scope. This article expands the dominant paradigm in cross-cultural research by developing a theory of cultural tightness-looseness (the strength of social norms and the degree of sanctioning within societies) and by advancing a multilevel research agenda for future research. Through an exploration of the top-down, bottom-up, and moderating impact that cultural tightness-looseness has on individuals and organizations, as well as on variance at multiple levels of analysis, the theory provides a new and complementary perspective to the values approach.
引用
收藏
页码:1225 / 1244
页数:20
相关论文
共 210 条
[1]   The silence of the library: Environment, situational norm, and social behavior [J].
Aarts, H ;
Dijksterhuis, A .
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2003, 84 (01) :18-28
[2]   ELECTRONIC PERFORMANCE MONITORING AND SOCIAL-CONTEXT - IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY AND STRESS [J].
AIELLO, JR ;
KOLB, KJ .
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, 1995, 80 (03) :339-353
[3]  
Ali A., 1993, INT STUDIES MANAGEME, V23, P53
[4]  
*AMN INT, 2002, SAUD AR
[5]   The routinization of innovation research: a constructively critical review of the state-of-the-science [J].
Anderson, N ;
De Dreu, CKW ;
Nijstad, BA .
JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, 2004, 25 (02) :147-173
[6]  
[Anonymous], ASIAN J SOCIAL PSYCH
[7]  
[Anonymous], 1987, Suicide
[8]  
[Anonymous], FIRST BREAK ALL RULE
[9]  
[Anonymous], 1995, HUMAN RESOURCE MANAG
[10]  
[Anonymous], LATEST CONTRIBUTIONS