Historical Consciousness and Collective Memory: Analytical Frameworks for Historical Education

The last few decades have shown an increased interest in the conceptualisation of such terms as the collective memory and historical consciousness, which are useful notions when it comes to analysing the process of historicizing the present, and its relation with both the past and the future. Theoretical frameworks like the one developed by Jorn Rusen have become especially important for the teaching of history. The proposals reviewed in this article have a potential to be linked with second-order concepts, which are crucial for the development of historical thinking and allow for a meta-reflection based on the analysis of narratives about the process of historization, from the standpoint of both the discipline itself and the uses and social functions of History.