Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in aquatic animals: Signaling pathways, expressions and immune responses

被引:254
|
作者
Rauta, Pradipta R. [1 ]
Samanta, Mrinal [2 ]
Dash, Hirak R. [1 ]
Nayak, Bismita [1 ]
Das, Surajit [1 ]
机构
[1] Natl Inst Technol, Dept Life Sci, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
[2] Cent Inst Freshwater Aquaculture, Fish Hlth Management Div, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
关键词
Toll-like receptors; Aquatic animals; Fish; Innate immunity; NF-KAPPA-B; INDIAN MAJOR CARP; PURPLE SEA-URCHIN; DIFFERENTIAL GENE-EXPRESSION; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; FACTOR-88; MYD88; CDNA; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ZHIKONG SCALLOP; INNATE IMMUNITY;
D O I
10.1016/j.imlet.2013.11.013
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
The innate system's recognition of non-self and danger signals is mediated by a limited number of germline encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are single, non-catalytic, membrane-spanning PRRs present in invertebrates and vertebrates. They act by specifically recognizing PAMPs of a variety of microbes and activate signaling cascades to induce innate immunity. A large number of TLRs have been identified in various aquatic animals of phyla Cnidaria, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata and Chordata. TLRs of aquatic and warm-blooded higher animals exhibit some distinctive features due to their diverse evolutionary lineages. However, majority of them share conserve signaling pathways in pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Functional analysis of novel TLRs in aquatic animals is very important in understanding the comparative immunology between warm-blooded and aquatic animals. In additions to innate immunity, recent reports have highlighted the additional roles of TLRs in adaptive immunity. Therefore, vaccines against many critical diseases of aquatic animals may be made more effective by supplementing TLR activators which will stimulate dendritic cells. This article describes updated information of TLRs in aquatic animals and their structural and functional relationship with warm-blooded animals. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:14 / 24
页数:11
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