Deeper waters are changing less consistently than surface waters in a global analysis of 102 lakes

被引：87

作者：

Pilla, Rachel M. ^{[1
]}

Williamson, Craig E. ^{[1
]}

Adamovich, Boris V. ^{[2
]}

Adrian, Rita ^{[3
,4
]}

Anneville, Orlane ^{[5
]}

Chandra, Sudeep ^{[6
]}

Colom-Montero, William ^{[7
]}

Devlin, Shawn P. ^{[8
]}

Dix, Margaret A. ^{[9
]}

Dokulil, Martin T. ^{[10
]}

Gaiser, Evelyn E. ^{[11
]}

Girdner, Scott F. ^{[12
]}

Hambright, K. David ^{[13
,14
]}

Hamilton, David P. ^{[15
]}

Havens, Karl ^{[16
]}

Hessen, Dag O. ^{[17
]}

Higgins, Scott N. ^{[18
]}

Huttula, Timo H. ^{[19
]}

Huuskonen, Hannu ^{[20
]}

Isles, Peter D. F. ^{[21
]}

Joehnk, Klaus D. ^{[22
]}

Jones, Ian D. ^{[23
]}

Keller, Wendel Bill ^{[24
]}

Knoll, Lesley B. ^{[25
]}

Korhonen, Johanna ^{[19
]}

Kraemer, Benjamin M. ^{[3
]}

Leavitt, Peter R. ^{[26
,27
]}

Lepori, Fabio ^{[28
]}

Luger, Martin S. ^{[29
]}

Maberly, Stephen C. ^{[30
]}

Melack, John M. ^{[31
]}

Melles, Stephanie J. ^{[32
]}

Mueller-Navarra, Doerthe C. ^{[33
]}

Pierson, Don C. ^{[7
]}

Pislegina, Helen V. ^{[34
]}

Plisnier, Pierre-Denis ^{[35
]}

Richardson, David C. ^{[36
]}

Rimmer, Alon ^{[37
]}

Rogora, Michela ^{[38
]}

Rusak, James A. ^{[39
]}

Sadro, Steven ^{[40
]}

Salmaso, Nico ^{[41
]}

Saros, Jasmine E. ^{[42
]}

Saulnier-Talbot, Emilie ^{[43
]}

Schindler, Daniel E. ^{[44
]}

Schmid, Martin ^{[45
]}

Shimaraeva, Svetlana V. ^{[34
]}

Silow, Eugene A. ^{[34
]}

Sitoki, Lewis M. ^{[46
]}

Sommaruga, Ruben ^{[47
]}

机构：

[1] Miami Univ, Dept Biol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA

[2] Belarusian State Univ, Fac Biol, Minsk, BELARUS

[3] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Ecosyst Res, Berlin, Germany

[4] Free Univ Berlin, Berlin, Germany

[5] INRAE, CARRTEL, Thonon Les Bains, France

[6] Univ Nevada, Global Water Ctr, Reno, NV 89557 USA

[7] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet Limnol, Uppsala, Sweden

[8] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA

[9] Univ Valle Guatemala, Inst Investigacones, Guatemala City, Guatemala

[10] Univ Innsbruck, Res Dept Limnol Mondsee, Mondsee, Austria

[11] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA

[12] Natl Pk Serv, Crater Lake Natl Pk, Crater Lake, OR USA

[13] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Plankton Ecol & Limnol Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA

[14] Univ Oklahoma, Geog Ecol Grp, Norman, OK 73019 USA

[15] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Nathan, Qld, Australia

[16] Univ Florida, Florida Sea Grant & UF IFAS, Gainesville, FL USA

[17] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, Oslo, Norway

[18] IISD Expt Lake Area Inc, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

[19] Finnish Environm Inst SYKE, Freshwater Ctr, Helsinki, Finland

[20] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Joensuu, Finland

[21] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Aquat Ecol, Dubendorf, Switzerland

[22] CSIRO, Land & Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia

[23] Univ Stirling, Biol & Environm Sci, Stirling, Scotland

[24] Laurentian Univ, Cooperat Freshwater Ecol Unit, Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, Canada

[25] Univ Minnesota, Itasca Biol Stn & Labs, Lake Itasca, MN USA

[26] Univ Regina, Inst Environm Change & Soc, Regina, SK, Canada

[27] Queens Univ Belfast, Inst Global Food Secur, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland

[28] Univ Appl Sci & Arts Southern Switzerland, Dept Environm Construct & Design, Canobbio, Switzerland

[29] Fed Agcy Water Management, Mondsee, Austria

[30] UK Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lake Ecosyst Grp, Lancaster, England

[31] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[32] Ryerson Univ, Dept Chem & Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada

[33] Univ Hamburg, Dept Biol, Hamburg, Germany

[34] Irkutsk State Univ, Inst Biol, Irkutsk, Russia

[35] Univ Liege, Liege, Belgium

[36] SUNY Coll New Paltz, Dept Biol, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA

[37] Israel Oceanog & Limnol Res, Kinneret Limnol Lab, Migdal, Israel

[38] CNR Water Res Inst, Verbania, Italy

[39] Ontario Minist Environm Conservat & Parks, Dorset Environm Sci Ctr, Dorset, ON, Canada

[40] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA

[41] Fdn Edmund Mach FEM, Dept Sustainable Agroecosyst & Bioreso, Res & Innovat Ctr, San Michele All Adige, Italy

[42] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME USA

[43] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ, Canada

[44] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[45] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Surface Waters Res & Management, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland

[46] Tech Univ Kenya, Dept Geosci & Environm, Nairobi, Kenya

[47] Univ Innsbruck, Dept Ecol, Innsbruck, Austria

[48] Univ Konstanz, Limnol Inst, Constance, Germany

[49] Dickinson Coll, Dept Environm Sci, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA

[50] Vrije Univ Brussel, Dept Hydrol & Hydraul Engn, Brussels, Belgium

来源：

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS | 2020年 / 10卷 / 01期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 美国安德鲁·梅隆基金会; 俄罗斯科学基金会; 英国自然环境研究理事会; 加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 加拿大创新基金会;

关键词：

DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; LONG-TERM CHANGES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OXYGEN DEPLETION; THERMAL STRATIFICATION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; TEMPERATE LAKES; TREND ANALYSIS; ICE PHENOLOGY; UV-RADIATION;

D O I：

10.1038/s41598-020-76873-x

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Globally, lake surface water temperatures have warmed rapidly relative to air temperatures, but changes in deepwater temperatures and vertical thermal structure are still largely unknown. We have compiled the most comprehensive data set to date of long-term (1970-2009) summertime vertical temperature profiles in lakes across the world to examine trends and drivers of whole-lake vertical thermal structure. We found significant increases in surface water temperatures across lakes at an average rate of+0.37 degrees C decade(-1), comparable to changes reported previously for other lakes, and similarly consistent trends of increasing water column stability (+0.08 kg m(-3) decade(-1)). In contrast, however, deepwater temperature trends showed little change on average (+0.06 degrees C decade(-1)), but had high variability across lakes, with trends in individual lakes ranging from -0.68 degrees C decade(-1) to+0.65 degrees C decade(-1). The variability in deepwater temperature trends was not explained by trends in either surface water temperatures or thermal stability within lakes, and only 8.4% was explained by lake thermal region or local lake characteristics in a random forest analysis. These findings suggest that external drivers beyond our tested lake characteristics are important in explaining long-term trends in thermal structure, such as local to regional climate patterns or additional external anthropogenic influences.

引用

页数：15

共 86 条

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