Normal and abnormal foveal development

被引:43
作者
Thomas, Mervyn G. [1 ]
Papageorgiou, Eleni [2 ]
Kuht, Helen J. [1 ]
Gottlob, Irene [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Leicester, Dept Neurosci Psychol & Behav, Leicester, Leics, England
[2] Univ Hosp Larissa, Dept Ophthalmol, Larisa, Greece
基金
英国医学研究理事会;
关键词
Embryology and development; Genetics; Imaging; Retina; Macula; OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; STATIONARY NIGHT BLINDNESS; RETINAL DEVELOPMENT; AVASCULAR ZONE; PRIMATE AREA; HIGH ACUITY; OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS; MACULAR ABNORMALITIES; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; MUTATIONS RESULT;
D O I
10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316348
中图分类号
R77 [眼科学];
学科分类号
100212 ;
摘要
Normal foveal development begins in utero at midgestation with centrifugal displacement of inner retinal layers (IRLs) from the location of the incipient fovea. The outer retinal changes such as increase in cone cell bodies, cone elongation and packing mainly occur after birth and continue until 13 years of age. The maturity of the fovea can be assessed invivo using optical coherence tomography, which in normal development would show a well-developed foveal pit, extrusion of IRLs, thickened outer nuclear layer and long outer segments. Developmental abnormalities of various degrees can result in foveal hypoplasia (FH). This is a characteristic feature for example in albinism, aniridia, prematurity, foveal hypoplasia with optic nerve decussation defects with or without anterior segment dysgenesis without albinism (FHONDA) and optic nerve hypoplasia. In achromatopsia, there is disruption of the outer retinal layers with atypical FH. Similarly, in retinal dystrophies, there is abnormal lamination of the IRLs sometimes with persistent IRLs. Morphology of FH provides clues to diagnoses, and grading correlates to visual acuity. The outer segment thickness is a surrogate marker for cone density and in foveal hypoplasia this correlates strongly with visual acuity. In preverbal children grading FH can help predict future visual acuity.
引用
收藏
页码:593 / 599
页数:7
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