137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes

被引：293

作者：

Damgaard, Peter de Barros ^{[1
]}

Marchi, Nina ^{[2
]}

Rasmussen, Simon ^{[3
]}

Peyrot, Michael ^{[4
]}

Renaud, Gabriel ^{[1
]}

Korneliussen, Thorfinn ^{[1
,5
]}

Moreno-Mayar, J. Victor ^{[1
]}

Pedersen, Mikkel Winther ^{[5
]}

Goldberg, Amy ^{[6
]}

Usmanova, Emma ^{[7
]}

Baimukhanov, Nurbol ^{[8
]}

Loman, Valeriy ^{[7
]}

Hedeager, Lotte ^{[9
]}

Pedersen, Anders Gorm ^{[3
]}

Nielsen, Kasper ^{[3
,51
]}

Afanasievl, Gennady ^{[10
]}

Akmatov, Kunbolot ^{[11
]}

Aldashev, Almaz ^{[12
]}

Alpaslan, Ashyk ^{[11
]}

Baimbetov, Gabit ^{[8
]}

Bazaliiskii, Vladimir I. ^{[13
]}

Beisenov, Arman ^{[14
]}

Boldbaatar, Bazartseren ^{[15
]}

Boldgiv, Bazartseren ^{[16
]}

Dorzhu, Choduraa ^{[17
]}

Ellingvag, Sturla ^{[18
]}

Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav ^{[19
]}

Dajani, Rana ^{[20
,21
]}

Dmitriev, Evgeniy ^{[7
]}

Evdokimov, Valeriy ^{[7
]}

Frei, Karin M. ^{[22
]}

Gromov, Andrey ^{[23
]}

Goryachev, Alexander ^{[24
]}

Hakonarson, Hakon ^{[25
]}

Hegay, Tatyana ^{[26
]}

Khachatryan, Zaruhi ^{[27
]}

Khaskhanov, Ruslan ^{[28
]}

Kitov', Egor ^{[14
,29
]}

Kolbina, Alina ^{[30
]}

Kubatbek, Tabaldiev ^{[11
]}

Kukushkin, Alexey ^{[7
]}

Kukushkin, Igor ^{[7
]}

Lau, Nina ^{[31
]}

Margaryan, Ashot ^{[1
,32
]}

Merkyte, Inga ^{[3
,33
]}

Mertz, Ilya V. ^{[34
]}

Mertz, Viktor K. ^{[34
]}

Mijiddorj, Enkhbayar ^{[19
]}

Moiyesev, Vyacheslav ^{[23
]}

Mukhtarova, Gulmira ^{[35
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr GeoGenet, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

[2] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Ecoanthropol & Ethnobiol, Paris, France

[3] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Bio & Hlth Informat, Lyngby, Denmark

[4] Leiden Univ, Ctr Linguist, Leiden, Netherlands

[5] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge, England

[6] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[7] Buketov Karaganda State Univ, Saryarka Archaeol Inst, Karaganda, Kazakhstan

[8] Shejire DNA, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan

[9] Univ Oslo, Dept Archaeol Conservat & Hist, Oslo, Norway

[10] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Archaeol, Dept Theory & Methods, Moscow, Russia

[11] Kyrgyz Turkish Manas Univ, Dept Hist, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

[12] Natl Acad Sci Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

[13] Irkutsk State Univ, Dept Hist, Irkutsk, Russia

[14] AKh Margulan Inst Archaeol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan

[15] Mongolian Univ Life Sci, Inst Vet Med, Lab Virol, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

[16] Natl Univ Mongolia, Sch Arts & Sci, Dept Biol, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

[17] Tuvan State Univ, Dept Biol & Ecol, Kyzyl, Russia

[18] Expl Fdn, Floro, Norway

[19] Ulaanbaatar State Univ, Dept Archaeol, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

[20] Hashemite Univ, Dept Biol & Biotechnol, Zarqa, Jordan

[21] Harvard Univ, Radcliffe Inst Adv Study, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[22] Natl Museum Denmark, Unit Environm Archaeol & Mat Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark

[23] RAS, Peter Great Museum Anthropol & Ethnog Kunstkamra, St Petersburg, Russia

[24] Archaeol Expertise LLC, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan

[25] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Appl Genom, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA

[26] Republ Sci Ctr Immunol, Minist Publ Hlth, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

[27] Russian Armenian Univ, Dept Bioengn Bioinformat & Mol Biol, Yerevan, Armenia

[28] Russian Acad Sci, Complex Res Inst, Grozny, Russia

[29] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ethnol & Anthropol, Moscow, Russia

[30] Kostanay Reg Local Hist Museum, Kostanay, Kazakhstan

[31] Ctr Balt & Scandinavian Archaeol, Schleswig, Germany

[32] Natl Acad Sci Armenia, Inst Mol Biol, Lab Ethnogenom, Yerevan, Armenia

[33] Univ Copenhagen, Saxo Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark

[34] S Toraighyrov Pavlodar State Univ, Ctr Archaeol Res, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan

[35] State Hist & Cultural Reserve Museum ISSYK, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan

[36] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Archeol & Ethnog, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia

[37] Univ Arizona, Lab Tree Ring Res, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

[38] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Archaeol, Nitra, Slovakia

[39] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Inst Hist Med & Foreign Languages, Prague, Czech Republic

[40] Kostanay State Univ, Archaeol Lab, Kostanay, Kazakhstan

[41] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Hist Studies, Gothenburg, Sweden

[42] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Hist & Cultural Heritage, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

[43] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Dev, North Siberian Branch, Tyumen, Russia

[44] Univ Alberta, Dept Anthropol, Edmonton, AB, Canada

[45] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Hist Archaeol & Ethnol, Far Eastern Branch, Ulan Ude, Russia

[46] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Mongolian Buddhist & Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch, Ulan Ude, Russia

[47] Univ Paul Sabatier, Univ Toulouse, Lab Anthropobiol Mol & Imagerie Synthese, Toulouse, France

[48] Univ Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA USA

[49] Univ Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA USA

[50] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Hinxton, England

来源：

NATURE | 2018年 / 557卷 / 7705期

基金：

新加坡国家研究基金会;

关键词：

YERSINIA-PESTIS;

D O I：

10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

For thousands of years the Eurasian steppes have been a centre of human migrations and cultural change. Here we sequence the genomes of 137 ancient humans (about 1x average coverage), covering a period of 4,000 years, to understand the population history of the Eurasian steppes after the Bronze Age migrations. We find that the genetics of the Scythian groups that dominated the Eurasian steppes throughout the Iron Age were highly structured, with diverse origins comprising Late Bronze Age herders, European farmers and southern Siberian hunter-gatherers. Later, Scythians admixed with the eastern steppe nomads who formed the Xiongnu confederations, and moved westward in about the second or third century bc, forming the Hun traditions in the fourthfifth century ad, and carrying with them plague that was basal to the Justinian plague. These nomads were further admixed with East Asian groups during several short-term khanates in the Medieval period. These historical events transformed the Eurasian steppes from being inhabited by Indo-European speakers of largely West Eurasian ancestry to the mostly Turkic-speaking groups of the present day, who are primarily of East Asian ancestry.

引用

页码：369 / +

页数：16

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