Interface state degradation during AC positive bias temperature instability stress

The reliability of a bulk fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) with a high-k dielectric/metal-gate stack has been investigated by comparing the effects of DC and AC stresses. It is well known that the relaxation during the off-cycle of the AC stress decreases the V-th shift and enhances the device lifetime due to electron detrapping from the high-k dielectric. We found that the relaxation in the interface traps is significantly weaker than that of bulk traps during the unipolar and bipolar AC stresses. The weak recovery is attributed to the concurrent interface state generation during a positive-bias temperature instability (PBTI) stress. Eventually, the interface traps became a major source of the device drift (over 60%) at the high temperature of 400 K. This finding suggests that a new strategy is required to address the PBTI reliability focusing on the residual interface states as well as the bulk trapping, particularly at a high temperature.