Multi-line acquisition with delay multiply and sum beamforming in phased array ultrasound imaging, validation of simulation and in vitro

Increasing the frame rate of medical ultrasound imaging is very important, especially in applications such as cardiac diagnostic imaging, where such an imaging should be able to facilitate the examination of the temporal behaviour of the short cardiac cycle. Frame rate can be increased by the multi-line acquisition (MLA) method, also called parallel receive beamforming (PRB), where several beams are received from a single transmit (Tx) beam. The shortage is that imaging performance would be sacrificed. Filtered-delay multiply and sum (F-DMAS) is a non-linear beamforming technique proven to be able to improve the contrast and resolution of the image compared to traditional delay and sum (DAS) beamforming. In this paper, we proposed to combine MLA and the lower complexity F-DMAS algorithm, and use synthetic transmit beams (STB) to reduce the artifacts of MLA. The simulations of point targets and cyst phantoms were all carried out in Matlab using Field II. The results show that 2 line acquisition with delay multiply and sum (DMAS 2MLA) beamforming presents an equivalent imaging performance to that of traditional DMAS beamforming, and obtains a 7.69% higher resolution and 2 times higher contrast ratio in comparison to DAS beamforming. A real RF data experiment was applied to support the feasibility and validity of our method. The low complexity of F-DMAS (O (N)) would make it easy to implement 2 parallel beamformers. Thus, by combining 2MLA and F-DMAS, the frame rate can be improved to 2-fold higher with a better image quality compared to that of DAS beamforming.