The Avogadro Constant for the Definition and Realization of the Mole

被引：11

作者：

Guettler, Bernd ^{[1
]}

Rienitz, Olaf ^{[1
]}

Pramann, Axel ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany

来源：

ANNALEN DER PHYSIK | 2019年 / 531卷 / 05期

关键词：

amount of substance; avogadro constant; base units; International System of Units; mole; MASS-SPECTROMETRIC DETERMINATION; SI-28-ENRICHED SILICON CRYSTAL; ABSOLUTE ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCES; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION; N-A; KILOGRAM; SI-28; REDEFINITION; FRACTION; ELEMENTS;

D O I：

10.1002/andp.201800292

中图分类号：

O4 [物理学];

学科分类号：

0702 ;

摘要：

The International System of Units' (SI) base unit of the quantity "amount of substance" is the mole (symbol: mol). After the revision of the SI to be implemented in 2019, when all SI units will be based solely on constants, the mole will be defined through a fixed value of the Avogadro constant NA. One mole contains exactly 6.02214076 x 10(23) elementary entities, meaning the mole will no longer be linked to the kilogram. Currently, the mole is defined via the mass of exactly 0.012 kg of the C-12 isotope which links it to the kilogram prototype. The history, changes, and implications of the revised definition of the mole are discussed here from the chemist's point of view. The ability to count entities such as atoms or molecules (precisely enough to enable a revision of the SI and preserve consistency of previous and future measurements) is crucial. This is achieved with the realization (Mise en Pratique) based on the X-ray-crystal density (XRCD) method (counting the atoms in a silicon sphere). The determination of NA, focusing on the measurement of the molar mass of silicon highly enriched in the Si-28 isotope, with the lowest uncertainty so far, is presented.

引用

页数：17

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