Personal victimization in a high-risk environment: Homeless and runaway adolescents

Criminal opportunity theories identify four basic constructs that are central to models of victimization: proximity, exposure, victim attractiveness, and guardianship. Proximity was controlled, allowing the examination of the potential effects of exposure, victim attractiveness, and guardianship in more derail. Discrete-time event history models were used to estimate the contemporary-time predictors of personal victimization and the time-lagged effect of prior victimization from a five-wave longitudinal study of street youths. The study found strong support for exposure hypotheses with increased victimization risk associated with time an the streets, substance abuse, and affiliation with deviant peers. Selected indicators of victim attractiveness and guardianship hypotheses were significant but, overall, the support for these two dimensions was more limited Prior victimization was associated with approximately a 2.5 times increase in the odds of subsequent victimization. This study suggests several interpretations of this effect and it argues for additional situation-specific research to provide further elaboration of victimization theories.