Strategy to reduce carbon emissions by adopting ammonia-Algal biodiesel in RCCI engine and optimize the fuel concoction using RSM methodology

Search for carbon free and carbon neutral fuels to tackle GHG emission and global warming has envisioned interest on ammonia, biodiesels, and technologies for their effective combustion. The RCCI mode of combustion, a LTC technology presents an alternate to conventional CI combustion. The low reactive Ammonia at 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by energy is injected in the manifold along with direct injection of high reactive algal biodiesel for achieving RCCI. Using RSM approach, considering the effects of various factors and their impact on performance and emission an Ammonia Energy Faction (AEF) of 44% was optimized for RCCI mode of operation. This was validated by experimental findings. BTE of 35.13% and BSEC of 10.84 MJ/kWh were realized. HC, CO, CO2, NOx and smoke emissions were significantly reduced by 44%, 32%, 48%, 55%, and 66%, when compared to conven-tional neat biodiesel combustion. (c) 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.