Towards the fundamentals of technical analysis: analysing the information content of High, Low and Close prices

Technical analysis assigns a special importance to the Open, High, Low and Close prices in forecasting the mean and volatility of exchange rates. In this paper we propose to investigate the time series properties and the informational content of these different prices, using range and cointegration methods. The application of these methods to a high frequency data set indicates the existence of stable structural relationships and asymmetric information flows, which is supportive of certain predictions of market microstructure models of the foreign exchange market. In sum, we argue that a technical analysis of High, Low and Close prices is a useful way of learning about latent Granger causality in high frequency exchange rates. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.