Epidural Dexmedetomidine for Prevention of Intrapartum Fever During Labor Analgesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction Intrapartum fever occurs frequently during labor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of epidural dexmedetomidine on maternal temperature, pain score and adverse effects during labor analgesia. Methods A total of 600 full-term primiparous parturients were randomly divided into two groups. The dexmedetomidine group (Group Dex, n = 300) received 0.1% ropivacaine with 0.5 mu g/mL dexmedetomidine for epidural analgesia during labor, while the control group (Group C, n = 300) received 0.1% ropivacaine alone. The maternal temperature, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Ramsay sedation score (RSS) were recorded, and the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored. Side effects, if any, were also recorded. Results The incidence of intrapartum fever was lower in Group Dex than in Group C (4.1% vs. 8.7%, chi(2) = 5.07, P = 0.024). VAS values from the time of 3 cm cervical dilatation to 10 cm cervical dilatation were also lower in Group Dex than in Group C (1.0 +/- 0.9 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.7, t = 3.62, P < 0.001; 2.8 +/- 0.8 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.8, t = 8.09, P < 0.001; 3.1 +/- 0.9 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.8, t = 3.88, P < 0.001; 3.6 +/- 0.8 vs. 4.1 +/- 1.0, t = 5.86, P < 0.001, respectively). HR from the time of 3 cm cervical dilatation to 10 cm cervical dilatation was lower during labor in Group Dex than in Group C (80.0 +/- 4.3 vs. 83.1 +/- 5.4 beats/min, t = 7.58, P < 0.001; 81.1 +/- 4.0 vs. 83.7 +/- 5.5 beats/min, t = 6.48, P < 0.001; 78.9 +/- 5.4 vs. 81.5 +/- 6.3 beats/min, t = 5.41, P < 0.001; 83.1 +/- 5.3 vs. 84.8 +/- 5.6 beats/min, t = 3.75, P < 0.001, respectively), while SBP and DBP were similar between the two groups. The incidence of adverse events during labor was also similar between the two groups. Conclusion The present study showed that dexmedetomidine could reduce the incidence of intrapartum fever and relieve pain during labor without increasing adverse events.