A Survey of Active Galaxies at TeV Photon Energies with the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory

被引:11
作者
Albert, A. [1 ]
Alvarez, C. [2 ]
Camacho, J. R. Angeles [3 ]
Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C. [4 ]
Arunbabu, K. P. [5 ]
Rojas, D. Avila [3 ]
Solares, H. A. Ayala [6 ]
Baghmanyan, V. [7 ]
Belmont-Moreno, E. [3 ]
BenZvi, S. Y. [8 ]
Brisbois, C. [9 ]
Caballero-Mora, K. S. [2 ]
Capistran, T. [10 ]
Carraminana, A. [10 ]
Casanova, S. [7 ]
Cotti, U. [4 ]
Cotzomi, J. [11 ]
de Leon, S. Coutino [10 ]
Fuente, E. De la [12 ]
Dingus, B. L. [1 ]
DuVernois, M. A. [13 ]
Durocher, M. [1 ]
Diaz-Velez, J. C. [12 ]
Engel, K. [9 ]
Espinoza, C. [3 ]
Fan, K. L. [9 ]
Alonso, M. Fernandez [6 ]
Fleischhack, H. [14 ]
Fraija, N. [15 ]
Galvan-Gamez, A. [15 ]
Garcia, D. [3 ]
Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A. [3 ]
Garfias, F. [15 ]
Gonzalez, M. M. [15 ]
Goodman, J. A. [9 ]
Harding, J. P. [1 ]
Hernandez, S. [3 ]
Hona, B. [14 ]
Huang, D. [14 ]
Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F. [2 ]
Huntemeyer, P. [14 ]
Iriarte, A. [15 ]
Jardin-Blicq, A. [16 ,17 ,18 ]
Joshi, V. [19 ]
Kieda, D. [20 ]
Kunde, G. J. [1 ]
Lara, A. [5 ]
Lee, W. H. [15 ]
Vargas, H. Leon [3 ]
Linnemann, J. T. [21 ]
机构
[1] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
[2] Univ Autonoma Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico
[3] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
[4] Univ Michoacana, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
[5] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
[6] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, 104 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[7] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, IFJ PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
[8] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY USA
[9] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD USA
[10] Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla, Mexico
[11] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Fac Ciencias Fis Matemat, Puebla, Mexico
[12] Univ Guadalajara, Dept Fis, Ctr Univ Ciencias Exactas & Ingn, Guadalajara, Mexico
[13] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA
[14] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA
[15] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
[16] Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
[17] Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, 254 Phayathai Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
[18] Natl Astron Res Inst Thailand Publ Org, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand
[19] Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erlangen, Germany
[20] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT USA
[21] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
[22] Univ Politecn Pachuca, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
[23] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest Computac, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
[24] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
[25] Univ Autonoma Estado Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
[26] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
[27] Univ Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
[28] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, E-46980 Valencia, Spain
[29] Calif Univ Penn, Dept Chem & Phys, California, PA USA
[30] Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados IPN, Dept Fis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
[31] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Tsung Dao Lee Inst, Shanghai, Peoples R China
[32] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Shanghai, Peoples R China
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
Active galactic nuclei; Blazars; Gamma-rays; Gamma-ray sources; Sky surveys; Radio galaxies; EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; MKN; 501; TELESCOPE SYSTEM; SPECTRUM; VARIABILITY; ACCRETION; DISCOVERY; EMISSION;
D O I
10.3847/1538-4357/abca9a
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory continuously detects TeV photons and particles within its large field of view, accumulating every day a deeper exposure of two-thirds of the sky. We analyzed 1523 days of HAWC live data acquired over four and a half years, in a follow-up analysis of 138 nearby (z < 0.3) active galactic nuclei from the Third Catalog of Hard Fermi-LAT sources culminating within 40 degrees of the zenith at Sierra Negra, the HAWC site. This search for persistent TeV emission used a maximum-likelihood analysis assuming intrinsic power-law spectra attenuated by pair production of gamma-ray photons with the extragalactic background light. HAWC clearly detects persistent emission from Mkn 421 and Mkn 501, the two brightest blazars in the TeV sky, at 65 sigma and 17 sigma level, respectively. Marginal evidence, just above the 3 sigma level, was found for three other known very high-energy emitters: the radio galaxy M87 and the BL Lac objects VER J0521+211 and 1ES 1215+303, the latter two at z similar to 0.1. We find a 4.2 sigma evidence for collective emission from the set of 30 previously reported very high-energy sources, with Mkn 421 and Mkn 501 excluded. Upper limits are presented for the sample under the power-law assumption and in the predefined (0.5-2.0), (2.0-8.0), and (8.0-32.0) TeV energy intervals.
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页数:18
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