The nitrogen cycle and mitigation strategies for nitrogen loss during organic waste composting: A review

被引:135
作者
Hong Giang Hoang [1 ]
Bui Thi Phuong Thuy [2 ]
Lin, Chitsan [3 ]
Vo, Dai-Viet N. [4 ,5 ]
Huu Tuan Tran [3 ]
Bahari, Mahadi B. [6 ]
Van Giang Le [7 ]
Chi Thanh Vu [8 ]
机构
[1] Dong Nai Technol Univ, Fac Hlth Sci & Finance Accounting, Bien Hoa 76100, Dong Nai, Vietnam
[2] Van Lang Univ, Fac Basic Sci, 68-69 Dang Thuy Tram St,Ward 13, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
[3] Natl Kaohsiung Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Marine Environm Engn, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
[4] Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Green Energy & Environm Nanomat CE, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
[5] Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Chem Engn, Engn Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia
[6] Univ Technoloki Malaysia, Fac Sci, UTM Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
[7] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tainan 701, Taiwan
[8] Univ Alabama, Civil & Environm Engn Dept, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA
关键词
Nitrification; Denitrification; Organic decomposition; Microbes; Nitrogen conservation; AMMONIA-OXIDIZING ARCHAEA; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; NEGATIVE-PRESSURE AERATION; NITRIC-OXIDE REDUCTASE; FOOD WASTE; PIG MANURE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; STRUVITE CRYSTALLIZATION; N2O EMISSIONS; SWINE MANURE;
D O I
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134514
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Composting is a promising technology to decompose organic waste into humus-like high-quality compost, which can be used as organic fertilizer. However, greenhouse gases (N2O, CO2, CH4) and odorous emissions (H2S, NH3) are major concerns as secondary pollutants, which may pose adverse environmental and health effects. During the composting process, nitrogen cycle plays an important role to the compost quality. This review aimed to (1) summarizes the nitrogen cycle of the composting, (2) examine the operational parameters, microbial activities, functions of enzymes and genes affecting the nitrogen cycle, and (3) discuss mitigation strategies for nitrogen loss. Operational parameters such as moisture, oxygen content, temperature, C/N ratio and pH play an essential role in the nitrogen cycle, and adjusting them is the most straightforward method to reduce nitrogen loss. Also, nitrification and denitrification are the most crucial processes of the nitrogen cycle, which strongly affect microbial community dynamics. The ammonia-oxidizing bacteria or archaea (AOB/AOA) and the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrifiers play a vital role in nitrification and denitrification with the involvement of ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) gene, nitrate reductase genes (narG), and nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ). Furthermore, adding additives such as struvite salts (MgNH4PO4.6H(2)O), biochar, and zeolites (clinoptilolite), and microbial inoculation, namely Bacillus cereus (ammonium strain), Pseudomonas donghuensis (nitrite strain), and Bacillus licheniformis (nitrogen fixer) can help control nitrogen loss. This review summarized critical issues of the nitrogen cycle and nitrogen loss in order to help future composting research with regard to compost quality and air pollution/odor control.
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页数:15
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