Bicyclic- and tricyclic-β-lactones via organonucleophile-promoted bis-cyclizations of keto acids:: Enantioselective synthesis of (+)-dihydroplakevulin

A highly diastereoselective, nucleophile-promoted bis-cyclization process, employing readily available and tractable keto acid substrates, is described. This methodology provides concise access to bicyclic- and tricyclic-beta-lactones bearing tertiary carbinol centers and quaternary carbons, greatly extending the scope of previous routes to bicyclic-beta-lactones from aldehyde acid substrates. The utility of the method was demonstrated by application to an enantioselective synthesis of (+)-dihydroplakevulin A. This and related processes may be revealing a subtle interplay between [2+2] cycloaddition and nucleophile-catalyzed aldol lactonization (NCAL) reaction manifolds.