Formation of a K-In-Se Surface Species by NaF/KF Postdeposition Treatment of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin-Film Solar Cell Absorbers

被引:102
作者
Handick, Evelyn [1 ]
Reinhard, Patrick [2 ]
Wilks, Regan G. [1 ,3 ]
Pianezzi, Fabian [2 ]
Kunze, Thomas [1 ]
Kreikemeyer-Lorenzo, Dagmar [4 ,5 ]
Weinhardt, Lothar [4 ,5 ,6 ]
Blum, Monika [6 ]
Yang, Wanli [7 ]
Gorgoi, Mihaela [3 ,8 ]
Ikenaga, Eiji [9 ]
Gerlach, Dominic
Ueda, Shigenori [10 ]
Yamashita, Yoshiyuki
Chikyow, Toyohiro
Heske, Clemens [4 ,5 ,6 ]
Buecheler, Stephan [2 ]
Tiwari, Ayodhya N. [2 ]
Baer, Marcus [1 ,3 ,11 ]
机构
[1] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie GmbH HZB, Renewable Energy, Hahn Meitner Pl 1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
[2] Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat & Sci & Technol, Lab Thin Films & Photovolta, Uberlandstr 129, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
[3] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie GmbH, Energy Mat In Situ Lab Berlin, Albert Einstein Str 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
[4] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Photon Sci & Synchrotron Radiat IPS, Hermann von Helmholtz Pl 1, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany
[5] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Chem Technol & Polymer Chem ITCP, Hermann von Helmholtz Pl 1, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany
[6] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem & Biochem, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA
[7] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, ALS, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[8] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie GmbH, Inst Nanospectroscopy, Albert Einstein Str 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
[9] SPring8 JASRI, 1-1-1 Koto, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan
[10] NIMS, SPring 8, Synchrotron Xray Stn, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan
[11] Brandenburg Tech Univ Cottbus Senftenberg, Inst Phys & Chem, Pl Deutsch Einheit 1, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany
关键词
chalcopyrite thin-film solar cells; alkali postdeposition treatment; photoelectron spectroscopy; X-ray spectroscopy; chemical surface structure; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; CUINSE2; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOEMISSION; ABSORPTION; EFFICIENCY; RANGE; PHOTOABSORPTION;
D O I
10.1021/acsami.6b11892
中图分类号
TB3 [工程材料学];
学科分类号
0805 ; 080502 ;
摘要
A NaF/KF postdeposition treatment (PDT) has recently been employed to achieve new record efficiencies of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGSe) thin film solar cells. We have used a combination of depth-dependent soft and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as soft X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy to gain detailed insight into the chemical structure of the CIGSe surface and how it is changed by different PDTs. Alkali-free CIGSe, NaF-PDT CIGSe, and NaF/KF-PDT CIGSe absorbers grown by low-temperature coevaporation have been interrogated. We find that the alkali-free and NaF-PDT CIGSe surfaces both display the well-known Cu-poor CIGSe chemical surface structure. The NaF/KF-PDT, however, leads to the formation of bilayer structure in which a K-In-Se species covers the CIGSe compound that in composition structure of the alkali-free and NaF-PDT absorber. is identical to the chalcopyrite structure of the alkali-free and NaF-PDT absorber.
引用
收藏
页码:3581 / 3589
页数:9
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