CuO nanofibers were fabricated by calcination of the electrospun PVP/Cu(NO3)(2) composite nanofibers. For the first time, CuS, Cu7.2S4, and Cu2-xSe nanofibers were successfully synthesized by double-crucible sulfurization and selenidation methods via inheriting the morphology of CuO nanofibers as precursors, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows CuS, Cu7.2S4, and Cu2-xSe nanofibers are respectively pure hexagonal phase, cubic phase and orthorhombic phase with space group of P63/mmc, Fm-3m and Cmcm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that the diameter of CuS, Cu7.2S4, and Cu2-xSe nanofibers are 149.60 +/- 17.52, 103.40 +/- 12.95, and 127.28 +/- 19.55 nm under the 95% confidence level, respectively. More importantly, this preparation technique is of universal significance to prepare other metal chalcogenides nanofibers.