On the nature of models for time-sensitive remote sensing

Remote sensing employs a range of conceptual and mechanistic models. Several conceptual models have been proposed to explain remote sensing systems (RSSs) and either directly prescribe or elucidate the configuration of such systems based on scene conditions and information requirements. This study interrogates the utility of these models for the design and practical implementation of RSSs to address time-sensitive information requirements and proposes a novel conceptual model, the remote sensing communication model, that places remote sensing within a decision support context. Three pertinent remote sensing conceptual models are critically assessed based on their satisfaction of three basic requirements: (1) prescribe or explicate RSS configuration based on user information requirements, (2) elucidate dependencies between information type, accuracy, and timeliness, and (3) describe the effect of RSS configuration on the effectiveness of users' decisions. The conceptual remote sensing models that are evaluated are not found to be appropriate for the design and configuration of time-sensitive RSSs (TSRSSs). The remote sensing communication model employs the (information theory) communication model developed by Shannon and Weaver to elucidate the acquisition, transmission, processing, interpretation, and effectiveness of information derived from a TSRSS. Weaver's three levels of effective communication are used to explain the varying value of information as a function of time and user characteristics and to elucidate the effect of RSS configuration on the ability of remote sensing-derived information to inform decisions in a timely manner. The concept of communication channel capacity is used to estimate the timeliness of RSSs, and a brief example of its implementation is presented.