Effects of winter precipitation on automobile collisions, injuries, and fatalities in the United States

被引:61
作者
Black, Alan W. [1 ]
Mote, Thomas L. [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
[2] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA
关键词
Winter weather; Precipitation; Relative risk; Driving hazards; Natural hazards; Transportation; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; WEATHER; SNOW; SNOWSTORMS; TRANSPORTATION; IMPACT;
D O I
10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.09.007
中图分类号
F [经济];
学科分类号
02 ;
摘要
To better understand the links between winter precipitation (snow, sleet, and freezing rain) and travel risk, data on weather conditions and vehicle crashes, injuries and fatalities are gathered for 13 U.S. cities. A matched pair analysis is used to construct event-control pairs to determine the relative risk of crash, injury, and fatality. Winter precipitation is associated with a 19% increase in traffic crashes and a 13% increase in injuries compared to dry conditions. The type of winter precipitation (snowfall vs. freezing rain, ice pellets, or sleet) had no significant impact on the relative risk of crash. The relative risk of crash was significantly higher during the evening (1800-2359 local time) than during other times of the day. More intense precipitation led to increased relative risk of crash and injury compared to less intense precipitation. Relative risk of crash, injury, or fatality was not significantly higher during the first three winter precipitation events of the year as compared to subsequent events. The relative risk of both winter precipitation crash and injury showed no significant trend during the 1998-2008 period. Sensitivity of U.S. cities to winter precipitation varies from city to city in a manner that is not easily explained. Future research will be required to determine which safety interventions are most effective in each city and revise or expand safety programs appropriately. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:165 / 175
页数:11
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