Recent advances in TiO2-based catalysts for N2 reduction reaction

Nitrogen (N-2) fixation under mild conditions is a promising approach for green production of ammonia (NH3). In the past decades, various advanced catalysts have been fabricated to achieve this goal through electrocatalytic and photocatalytic processes. Among them, the TiO2-based catalysts have been recognized as promising candidates due to their high activity, low cost, chemical stability, and nontoxicity. In this review, recent advances in the fabrication of high-performance TiO2-based materials for N-2 reduction reaction (NRR) under mild conditions are summarized, including electrocatalytic and photocatalytic NRR. The design principles, synthetic strategies, and corresponding chemical/physical properties of TiO2-based NRR catalysts are described in detail. Moreover, the key challenges and potential opportunities in this field are presented and discussed.