Electrochemical performance of solid sphere spinel LiMn2O4 with high tap density synthesized by porous spherical Mn3O4

Solid sphere spinel LiMn2O4 materials are synthesized from porous spherical Mn3O4 particles with LiOH center dot H2O via a high temperature solid-phase reaction. Porous spherical Mn3O4 particles, composed of aggregated crystallites, can be obtained from as-prepared spherical beta-MnOOH. The solid sphere spine! LiMn2O4 particles have a high tap-density of 2.67 g.cm(-3) and are well-distributed with sizes ranging from 7-9 mu m. The as-prepared beta-MnOOH, Mn3O4 and LiMn2O4 are characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. As cathode materials, solid sphere spinel LiMn2O4, exhibits excellent cycling performance and rate capability for lithium-ion batteries. The initial discharge capacities are 127.1, 118.1, 106.3 and 87 mAh.g(-1) at 0.2, 1,5 and 10 C, respectively. At 5 C the discharge capacity retention rate can be maintained at 95% after 200 cycles. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirm the excellent electrochemical performances of the synthesized solid sphere spinel LiMn2O4 materials. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.