Risk factors and pooled incidence of intestinal stoma complications: systematic review and Meta-analysis

Objective The present systematic review aimed to identify, critically assess and summarize which risk factors might determine the onset of ostomy complications, describing a pooled incidence and stratified incidences by each identified risk factor. Methods A systematic literature review with a meta-analysis of observational studies was performed by following the PRISMA statement and flow chart. The quality assessment of the included articles was performed through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results Sixteen articles published between 1990 and 2018 focused on the risk factors related to intestinal stomal complications, and the performed analysis led to identifying influenceable and non-influenceable risk factors. The median of the NOS evaluation was 6 (IQR = 5.75-6). Among 10,520 included patients, the pooled incidence of stomal complications was 35%, ranging from 9% to 63%, regardless of the nature of the complications. Analysis of the sub-groups highlighted obesity and ostomy surgery performed via laparoscopy or emergency conditions have significant incidences, respectively, of 66% and 68%. Conclusions The pooled incidence of stomal complications requires greater attention for its relevant epidemiology. From the clinical point of view, patients with obesity and chronic conditions require more attention to prevent complications, possibly employing accurate educational interventions to enhance proper stoma management.