Psychological and genetic risk factors associated with suicidal behavior in Korean patients with mood disorders

Introduction: To prevent suicide, a nationwide important issue in Korea, understanding its etiology is essential. This study aimed to delineate the risk factors for suicidal behavior in mood disorder patients in Korea. Methods: 216 patients with mood disorders were recruited. We measured suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempt (SA) history and the association of six gene polymorphisms with SB: COMT (rs4680), HTR1A (rs6295), TPH1 (rs1800532), BDNF (rs6265), SLC1A3 (rs2269272), and SLC1A2 (rs4755404). Results: Patients in the high-SI and SA groups reported more severe depressive, hopelessness, and anxiety symptoms and lower resilience and used less social support-seeking coping than those in the non-significant SI and non-SA groups. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that depressive disorder, depressive symptoms, poor social support, and less social support-seeking coping were significant independent predictors of suicidal ideation. After adjustment for covariates, age, alcohol consumption, and the rs4680 AA genotype in the COMT gene were associated with suicide attempt. Limitations: The modest sample size and a relatively few candidate genes are limitations of the study. In addition, there is no normal control group and the retrospective evaluation of SA limits the interpretation of the causal relationship with factors affecting SA. Conclusions: Suicidal behavior in Korean patients with mood disorders may be associated with younger age, alcohol consumption, depressive symptoms, poor social support, less social support-seeking coping, and the COMT rs4680 Met/Met genotype.