New developments in respiratory medicine: a primary immunodeficiency perspective

Purpose of review To consider recent developments in respiratory medicine that are of relevance to clinicians caring for adults affected by primary immunodeficiency disorders. Recent findings We consider impulse oscillometry, new bronchoscopic techniques for sampling, MRI and PET, the concept of the human airway microbiome, and new treatment approaches for bronchiectasis and interstitial lung disease to better understand the future of respiratory care for people with PID. New approaches to the diagnosis and management of respiratory manifestations of PID have been driven by better understanding of the lung in health and disease, progress in imaging and sampling modalities, and new therapeutics.