A new empirical model to retrieve soil moisture and roughness from C-band radar data

A new empirical model for the retrieval, at a field scale, of the bare soil moisture content and the surface roughness characteristics from radar measurements is proposed. The derivation of the algorithm is based on the results of three experimental radar campaigns conducted under natural conditions over agricultural areas. Radar data were acquired by means of several C-band space home (SIR-C, RADARSAT) or helicopter borne (ERASME) sensors, operating in different configurations of polarization (HH or VV) and incidence angle. Simultaneously to radar acquisitions, a complete ground truth data base was built up with different surface condition measurements of the mean standard deviation (rms) heights, the correlation length l, and the volumetric surface moisture M-nu. This algorithm is more specifically developed using the radar cross-section sigma(0) (HH polarization and 39degrees incidence angle off nadir), namely, sigma(0HH,39), and the differential (HH polarization) radar cross-section Deltasigma(0) = sigma(0,23degrees) - sigma(0,39degrees) in terms of an original roughness parameter, Z(s), namely Z(s) = s(2)/l, and M-nu. A good agreement is observed between model outputs and backscattering measurements over different test fields. Eventually, an inversion technique is proposed to retrieve Z(s) and M-nu from radar measurements. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.