Efficient Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical H2 Production from Water by a Cobalt Dithiolene One-Dimensional Metal-Organic Surface

Solar-driven hydrogen evolution from water has emerged as an important methodology for the storage of renewable energy in chemical bonds. Efficient and practical clean-energy devices for electrochemical or photoelectrochemical splitting of water require the immobilization of stable and active hydrogen-evolving catalysts onto electrode or photocathode materials, which remains a significant challenge. Here we show that cobalt(II) reacts with benzene-1,2,4,5-tetrathiol in the presence of base to form a cobalt dithiolene polymer 1. The generated polymer is immobilized onto glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) to generate a metal organic surface (MOS 1IGCE), which displays efficient H-2-evolving activity and stability in acidic aqueous solutions. Moreover, the generated polymer is integrated with planar p-type Si to generate very efficient photocathode materials (MOS 1ISi) for solar-driven hydrogen production from water. Photocurrents up to 3.8 mA/cm(2) at 0 V vs RHE were achieved under simulated 1 Sun illumination. MOS 1ISi photocathodes operate at potentials 550 mV more positive than MOS 1IGCE cathodes to reach the same activity for H-2 evolution from water (1 mA/cm(2)).