Canine-Assisted Therapy in Hospitalized Patients Awaiting Heart Transplantation

Objectives: Patients awaiting heart transplantation can be listed for prolonged periods of time and, as a result, the prevalence of anxiety and depression is high. Our study evaluates the feasibility of canineassisted therapy (CAT) in this population. Methods: A prospective, multicenter study was performed on all status 1a patients admitted during a 12-month period to await transplantation. Patientswere asked to complete theGeneralized AnxietyDisorder 7-item scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 at baseline, week 2, and week 6, and the Perceived Stress Scale at baseline and week 4. At the conclusion of the study, patients completed a questionnaire assessing the overall efficacy of CAT. Results: Baselinemeasures demonstrated high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. The complete Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (average score 10.9 vs 8; P = 0.14) and the Patient Health Questionnaire- 9 (average score 12.3 vs 9.5; P = 0.057) scores decreased from baseline toweek 6 and the Perceived Stress Scale (average score 29.8 vs 27; P = 0.16) decreased from baseline toweek 4 with trends toward significance. All of the patients perceived CAT as improving the overall quality of hospitalization, would recommend CAT to other patients, and would elect for CAT during subsequent admissions. No infectious concerns were reported. Conclusions: Anxiety, stress, and depression are prevalent among 1a heart transplantation candidates, and CAT is a welcomed adjunct to the usual medical care in this population.