Ambulatory tympanomastoid surgery in children - Factors affecting hospital admission

Objective: To identify clinical factors associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and failure to discharge from the hospital on the day of surgery in children undergoing tympanomastoid surgery. Design: Records of 144 children undergoing 152 tympanomastoid surgical procedures from July 1, 2001, through June 30, 2002, were retrospectively reviewed and the data analyzed. Setting: A tertiary care university-affiliated hospital. Results: The mean +/- SD age of the cases was 11 +/- 3.7 years. Sixty-eight cases (45%) were middle ear procedures, while 84 cases (55%) were mastoid procedures. Forty-three cases (28%) were discharged home from the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), 55 cases (36%) were discharged on the day of surgery, and 142 cases (92%) were discharged home from the day surgery unit (DSU) within 23 hours after surgery. Patients who underwent mastoid procedures were more likely to require intravenous (IV) morphine sulfate in the PACU (75% vs 56%; P=.02) and were less likely to be discharged from PACU (15% vs 44%; P<.001) compared with patients who had middle ear procedures. In patients who underwent mastoid procedures, the presence of cholesteatoma (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.7; P=.04) was associated with a higher likelihood of PONV. In both groups, the need for IV morphine sulfate to control pain on admission to DSU was associated with a higher occurrence of PONV. Factors that were significantly associated with failure to discharge from the hospital on the day of surgery were a pain score of 5 or greater, the presence of PONV, and the requirement of IV morphine sulfate on admission to DSU. Conclusions: Factors associated with higher risks of PONV and failure to discharge from the hospital on the day of surgery include the presence of cholesteatoma, a pain score of 5 or greater, and the requirement of IV morphine sulfate at the time admission to the DSU.