Light effects on wax begonia: Photosynthesis, growth respiration, maintenance respiration, and carbon use efficiency

The effect of increasing daily light integral (DLI; 5.3, 9.5, 14.4, and 19.4 mol.m(-2).d(-1)) on photosynthesis and respiration of wax begonia (Begonia semperflorens-cultorum Hort.) was examined by measuring CO, exchange rates (CER) for a period of 25 d in a whole-plant gas exchange system. Although plant growth rate (GR, increase in dry weight per day) increased linearly with increasing DLI, plants grown at low DLI (5.3 or 9.5 mol.m(-2).d(-1)) respired more carbohydrates than were fixed in photosynthesis during the early growth period (13 and 4 d, respectively), resulting in a negative daily carbon gain (DCG) and GR. Carbon use efficiency [CUE, the ratio of carbon incorporated into the plant to C fixed in gross photosynthesis (P-g)] of plants grown at low DLI was low, since these plants used most of the C fixed in P-g for maintenance respiration (R-m), leaving few, if any, C for growth and growth respiration (R-g). Maintenance respiration accounted for a smaller fraction of the total respiration with increasing DLI. In addition, the importance of R-m in the carbon balance of the plants decreased over time, resulting in an increase in CUE. At harvest, crop dry weight (DWCROP) increased linearly with increasing DLI, due to the increased photosynthesis and CUE at high PPF.