Battery state of charge management strategies for a real-time controller of a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

This paper deals with the development of energy management strategies for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), aiming to reduce the global energy consumption. The vehicle is a Plug-in HEV, and its model had been validated on New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). A real-time model-based supervisory controller is implemented, called Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS), and it is compared with the original heuristic control. Three ways to manage the energy stored in the battery along the driving mission are presented. Predictive information is then introduced to increase vehicle driveability. Conclusions summarize the benefits of such approach, showing satisfactory results also considering the driver comfort. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.