[1] RAS, AM Obukhov Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow, Russia
[2] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany
[3] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Moscow, Russia
[4] RAS, Inst Geog, Moscow, Russia
[5] Uni Res Climate, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway
[6] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
[7] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
[8] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark
[9] Univ Liege, Dept Geog, Liege, Belgium
[10] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA
[11] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany
[12] Univ Trier, Fac Reg & Environm Sci, Environm Meteorol, Trier, Germany
[13] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, Rossby Ctr, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden
[14] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, Bert Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10654 Stockholm, Sweden
[15] MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, Bremen, Germany
[16] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany
[17] Univ Quebec Montreal, Ctr ESCER, Montreal, PQ, Canada
[18] Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark
[19] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada
[20] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden
[21] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Ctr Permafrost CENPERM, Copenhagen, Denmark