BaTiO3- Blue Phosphorus/WS2 hybrid structure-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor with enhanced sensor performance for rapid bacterial detection

A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is proposed for rapid bacterial detection, based on Calcium fluoride prism and BaTiO3 -Blue Phosphorus/WS2 hybrid structure. The proposed design shows higher sensi-tivity of 333.59 (deg/RIU) and 343.51 (deg/RIU) for Vibrio cholera and Escherichia coli bacteria with affinity refractive indices (RIs) of 1.365 and 1.388. The proposed sensor achieves significantly higher sensitivity 366.5 (deg/RIU), 395.7 (deg/RIU), and 413.7(deg/RIU) for Pseudomonas bacteria detection for bacterial protective layers RIs of 1.437, 1.49368, and 1.5265. The performance investigation is also carried out for the quality factor (QF), figure of merit (FOM), detection accuracy (DA), and limit of detection (LOD) to explore the variational effect of structural parameters. The results show higher QF of 132.5, FOM of 132.6, and higher DA of 1.332 for Pseudomonas bacteria detection at the affinity RI of 1.5265. In addition, analysis shows higher LOD of 2.99 x 10-6 for Vibrio cholera bacteria detection at the affinity RI of 1.365. All of those findings and conclusions have been compared to more recent studies and obtained superior and efficient sensitivity. The proposed sensor is capable of rapid detection of bacteria-like saprophytic species of Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholera, along with other biological analytes and organic chemicals with high sensitivity and sensing granularity.