Nutrient additions to a tropical rain forest drive substantial soil carbon dioxide losses to the atmosphere

被引:407
作者
Cleveland, Cory C.
Townsend, Alan R.
机构
[1] Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
[2] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
关键词
carbon cycle; nutrient availability; soil respiration; nitrogen; phosphorus;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.0600989103
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Terrestrial biosphere-atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange is dominated by tropical forests, where photosynthetic carbon (C) uptake is thought to be phosphorus (P)-limited. In P-poor tropical forests, P may also limit organic matter decomposition and soil C losses. We conducted a field-fertilization experiment to show that P fertilization stimulates soil respiration in a lowland tropical rain forest in Costa Rica. In the early wet season, when soluble organic matter inputs to soil are high, P fertilization drove large increases in soil respiration. Although the P-stimulated increase in soil respiration was largely confined to the dry-to-wet season transition, the seasonal increase was sufficient to drive an 18% annual increase in CO2 efflux from the P-fertilized plots. Nitrogen (N) fertilization caused similar responses, and the net increases in soil respiration in response to the additions of N and P approached annual soil C fluxes in mid-latitude forests. Human activities are altering natural patterns of tropical soil N and P availability by land conversion and enhanced atmospheric deposition. Although our data suggest that the mechanisms driving the observed respiratory responses to increased N and P may be different, the large CO2 losses stimulated by N and P fertilization suggest that knowledge of such patterns and their effects on soil CO2 efflux is critical for understanding the role of tropical forests in a rapidly changing global C cycle.
引用
收藏
页码:10316 / 10321
页数:6
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