Constraining the redshifted 21-cm signal with the unresolved soft X-ray background

被引：51

作者：

Fialkov, Anastasia ^{[1
,2
]}

Cohen, Aviad ^{[3
]}

Barkana, Rennan ^{[3
,4
,5
,6
]}

Silk, Joseph ^{[5
,7
,8
,9
]}

机构：

[1] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[2] CNRS, Dept Phys, Ecole Normale Super, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France

[3] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel

[4] Sorbonne Univ, ILP, Inst Astrophys Paris, 98 Blvd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France

[5] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England

[6] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, 31 Caroline St N, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada

[7] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA

[8] UPMC Univ Paris 6, Sorbonne Univ, 98 Bd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France

[9] CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, 98 Bd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France

来源：

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY | 2017年 / 464卷 / 03期

基金：

以色列科学基金会;

关键词：

cosmology: theory; dark ages; reionization; first stars; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: diffuse background; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLACK-HOLES; POWER SPECTRUM; PAPER-64; CONSTRAINTS; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; SYNTHESIS MODELS; DARK-AGES; 1ST STARS; REIONIZATION;

D O I：

10.1093/mnras/stw2540

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We use the observed unresolved cosmic X-ray background (CXRB) in the 0.5-2 keV band and existing upper limits on the 21-cm power spectrum to constrain the high-redshift population of X-ray sources, focusing on their effect on the thermal history of the Universe and the cosmic 21-cm signal. Because the properties of these sources are poorly constrained, we consider hot gas, X-ray binaries and mini-quasars (i.e. sources with soft or hard X-ray spectra) as possible candidates. We find that (1) the soft-band CXRB sets an upper limit on the X-ray efficiency of sources that existed before the end of reionization, which is one-to-two orders of magnitude higher than typically assumed efficiencies, (2) hard sources are more effective in generating the CXRB than the soft ones, (3) the commonly assumed limit of saturated heating is not valid during the first half of reionization in the case of hard sources, with any allowed value of X-ray efficiency, (4) the maximal allowed X-ray efficiency sets a lower limit on the depth of the absorption trough in the global 21-cm signal and an upper limit on the height of the emission peak, while in the 21-cm power spectrum it sets a minimum amplitude and frequency for the high-redshift peaks, and (5) the existing upper limit on the 21-cm power spectrum sets a lower limit on the X-ray efficiency for each model. When combined with the 21-cm global signal, the CXRB will be useful for breaking degeneracies and helping constrain the nature of high-redshift heating sources.

引用

页码：3498 / 3508

页数：11

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