Diabetes mellitus and COVID-19: pathophysiology and treatment proposal for glycemic control at the time of the pandemic

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the third beta-coronavirus since 2003 capable of causing lower respiratory tract infection, leading to severe cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. Advanced age, high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus are three predictors of worse clinical outcomes. Multiple mechanisms could explain the greater susceptibility of diabetic people to respiratory infections. Chronic hyperglycemia alters both humoral and cellular immunity. This disease predisposes to virus receptor overexpression and an exaggerated inflammatory response, increasing the risk of decompensation and hyperglycemic crises. In the absence of an effective vaccine or treatment for the virus, this vicious circle should be stopped with an emphasis on controlling glucose. This paper presents different proposals for the treatment of diabetes mellitus both on an outpatient basis where telemedicine and other technologies will make it possible to continue adequate ambulatory care to maintain preventive isolation measures up to care in the intensive care unit.