On the Future of Argo: A Global, Full-Depth, Multi-Disciplinary Array

被引：298

作者：

Roemmich, Dean ^{[1
]}

Alford, Matthew H. ^{[1
]}

Claustre, Herve ^{[2
]}

Johnson, Kenneth ^{[3
]}

King, Brian ^{[4
]}

Moum, James ^{[5
]}

Oke, Peter ^{[6
]}

Owens, W. Brechner ^{[7
]}

Pouliquen, Sylvie ^{[8
]}

Purkey, Sarah ^{[1
]}

Scanderbeg, Megan ^{[1
]}

Suga, Toshio ^{[9
]}

Wijffels, Susan ^{[7
]}

Zilberman, Nathalie ^{[1
]}

Bakker, Dorothee ^{[10
]}

Baringer, Molly ^{[11
]}

Belbeoch, Mathieu ^{[12
]}

Bittig, Henry C. ^{[2
]}

Boss, Emmanuel ^{[13
]}

Calil, Paulo ^{[14
]}

Carse, Fiona ^{[15
]}

Carval, Thierry ^{[8
]}

Chai, Fei ^{[16
]}

Conchubhair, Diarmuid O. ^{[17
]}

d'Ortenzio, Fabrizio ^{[2
]}

Dall'Olmo, Giorgio ^{[18
]}

Desbruyeres, Damien ^{[8
]}

Fennel, Katja ^{[19
]}

Fer, Ilker ^{[20
]}

Ferrari, Raffaele ^{[21
]}

Forget, Gael ^{[21
]}

Freeland, Howard ^{[22
]}

Fujiki, Tetsuichi ^{[23
]}

Gehlen, Marion ^{[24
]}

Greenan, Blair ^{[25
,26
]}

Hallberg, Robert ^{[27
]}

Hibiya, Toshiyuki ^{[28
]}

Hosoda, Shigeki ^{[23
]}

Jayne, Steven ^{[7
]}

Jochum, Markus ^{[29
]}

Johnson, Gregory C. ^{[30
]}

Kang, KiRyong ^{[31
]}

Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas ^{[32
]}

Kortzinger, Arne ^{[33
]}

Le Traon, Pierre-Yves ^{[34
]}

Lenn, Yueng-Djern ^{[35
]}

Maze, Guillaume ^{[8
]}

Mork, Kjell Arne ^{[36
]}

Morris, Tamaryn ^{[37
]}

Nagai, Takeyoshi ^{[38
]}

机构：

[1] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA

[2] Sorbonne Univ, French Natl Ctr Sci Res, Villefranche Oceanog Lab, Villefranche Sur Mer, France

[3] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA

[4] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England

[5] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA

[6] CSIRO, Hobart, Tas, Australia

[7] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA

[8] French Inst Search Exploitat Mer, Brest, France

[9] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Geophys, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

[10] Univ East Anglia, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich, Norfolk, England

[11] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA

[12] JCOMMOPS, Brest, France

[13] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA

[14] Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Inst Coastal Res, Geesthacht, Germany

[15] UK Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England

[16] Minist Nat Resources, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Inst Oceanog 2, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China

[17] Irish Marine Inst, Galway, Ireland

[18] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England

[19] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada

[20] Univ Bergen, Geophys Inst, Phys Oceanog, Bergen, Norway

[21] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[22] Fisheries & Oceens Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada

[23] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan

[24] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Sci Climat & Envitonm, Gif Sur Yvette, France

[25] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS, Canada

[26] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada

[27] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA

[28] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo, Japan

[29] Neils Bohr Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark

[30] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA

[31] Korea Meteorol Adm, Seoul, South Korea

[32] Univ Brest, LOPS Lab, CNRS IRD Ifremer, Brest, France

[33] Helmholtz Zentrum Ozeanforsch Kiel, Kiel, Germany

[34] Mercator Ocean, Brest, France

[35] Bangor Univ, Sch Ocean Sci, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales

[36] Inst Marine Res, Bergen, Norway

[37] South African Weather Serv, Marine Res Unit, Cape Town, South Africa

[38] Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Ocean Sci, Tokyo, Japan

[39] Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Hyderabad, India

[40] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[41] Sorbonne Univ, French Natl Ctr Sci Res, OSU Ecce Terra, Paris, France

[42] Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorol Inst, De Bilt, Netherlands

[43] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Auckland, New Zealand

[44] Southern Ocean Carbon & Climate Observ, Cape Town, South Africa

[45] Serv Hidrog Naval, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[46] Inst Espanol Oceanog, Canary Isl, Spain

[47] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Sopot, Poland

[48] Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen, Fujian, Peoples R China

[49] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC, Canada

[50] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Earth Syst Sci Grp, Exeter, Devon, England

来源：

FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE | 2019年 / 6卷

基金：

欧洲研究理事会; 欧盟地平线“2020”; 美国海洋和大气管理局;

关键词：

Argo; floats; global; ocean; warming; circulation; temperature; salinity; SEA-LEVEL RISE; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; PROFILING FLOATS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; OBSERVING SYSTEM; FINESCALE PARAMETERIZATIONS; TURBULENT DISSIPATION; FRESH-WATER; OXYGEN; HEAT;

D O I：

10.3389/fmars.2019.00439

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

The Argo Program has been implemented and sustained for almost two decades, as a global array of about 4000 profiling floats. Argo provides continuous observations of ocean temperature and salinity versus pressure, from the sea surface to 2000 dbar. The successful installation of the Argo array and its innovative data management system arose opportunistically from the combination of great scientific need and technological innovation. Through the data system, Argo provides fundamental physical observations with broad societally-valuable applications, built on the cost-efficient and robust technologies of autonomous profiling floats. Following recent advances in platform and sensor technologies, even greater opportunity exists now than 20 years ago to (i) improve Argo's global coverage and value beyond the original design, (ii) extend Argo to span the full ocean depth, (iii) add biogeochemical sensors for improved understanding of oceanic cycles of carbon, nutrients, and ecosystems, and (iv) consider experimental sensors that might be included in the future, for example to document the spatial and temporal patterns of ocean mixing. For Core Argo and each of these enhancements, the past, present, and future progression along a path from experimental deployments to regional pilot arrays to global implementation is described. The objective is to create a fully global, top-to-bottom, dynamically complete, and multidisciplinary Argo Program that will integrate seamlessly with satellite and with other in situ elements of the Global Ocean Observing System (Legler et al., 2015). The integrated system will deliver operational reanalysis and forecasting capability, and assessment of the state and variability of the climate system with respect to physical, biogeochemical, and ecosystems parameters. It will enable basic research of unprecedented breadth and magnitude, and a wealth of ocean-education and outreach opportunities.

引用

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