Haematological Manifestations of Covid-19 and Emerging Immunohaematological Therapeutic Strategies

Sars-CoV2 started as pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan, China. Considered primarily to be a respiratory pathogen, Covid-19 is now identified as a systemic infection with major effects on the haematopoietic system. Lymphopenia, peak platelet / lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio are some of the parameters that could be considered as prognostic markers of the disease. Disseminated intravascular coagulation along with elevated D-dimer levels are commonly encountered and are usually associated with a worsening clinical picture. IL-6, C reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase with high serum prolactin and serum ferritin levels project a dismal outcome. Venous thromboembolism occurs in both ambulatory and bed ridden patients making thrombo-prophylaxis with LMWH (Low Molecular Weight Heparin) popular. This review article deals with the haematological manifestations of Covid-19 and the emerging therapies in relation with the same.