Path Loss Model in Crowded Outdoor Environments Considering Multiple Human Body Shadowing of Multipath at 4.7 GHz and 26.4 GHz

This paper proposes a path loss model for crowded outdoor environments that can consider the density of people. Measurement results in an anechoic chamber with three blocking persons showed that multiple human body shadowing can be calculated by using finite width screens. As a result, path loss in crowded environments can be calculated by using the path losses of the multipath and the multiple human body shadowing on those paths. The path losses of the multipath are derived from a ray tracing simulation, and the simulation results are then used to predict the path loss in crowded environments. The predicted path loss of the proposed model was examined through measurements in the crowded outdoor station square in front of Shibuya Station in Tokyo, and results showed that it can accurately predict the path loss in crowded environments at the frequencies of 4.7 GHz and 26.4 GHz under two different conditions of antenna height and density of people. The RMS error of the proposed model was less than 4 dB.