Antibacterial applications and safety issues of silica-based materials: A review

As the problem of bacterial contamination continues to grow in its significance, researchers have reported many antibacterial materials that are based on inorganic compounds. Of these, materials that are based on silica and its derivatives have been widely used in engineering, medicine, and food. This paper reviews the advantages, safety issues, and applications of silica and its derivatives, as reported in recent years. The information provided highlights the preparation, application, and antimicrobial efficiency of materials that are based on silica and have different structure/size. We outline the possible antimicrobial mechanisms of silica-based materials and the potential challenges that researchers may face. With a focus on increasing concerns regarding bacterial contamination in the food and medical industries, we have also proposed corresponding antibacterial material preparation strategies.