Alteration of internal stresses in SiO2/Cu/TiN thin films by X-ray and synchrotron radiation due to heat treatment

A break of wiring by stress-migration becomes a problem with an integrated circuit such as LSI. The present study investigates residual stress in SiO2/Cu/TiN film deposited on glass substrates. A TiN layer, as an undercoat, was first deposited on the substrate by arc ion plating and then Cu and SiO2 layers were deposited by plasma coating. The crystal structure and the residual stress in the deposited multi-layer film were investigated using in-lab. X-ray equipment and a synchrotron radiation device that emits ultra-high-intensity Xrays. It was found that the SiO2 film was amorphous and both the Cu and TiN films had a strong {1 1 1} orientation. The Cu and TiN layers in the multi thick (Cu and TiN: 1.0 mu m)-layer film and multi thin (0.1 mu m)-layer film exhibited tensile residual stresses. Both tensile residual stresses in the multi thin-layer film are larger than the multi thick-layer film. After annealing at 400 degrees C, these tensile residual stresses in both the films increased with increasing the annealing temperature. Surface swelling formations, such as bubbles were observed in the multi thick-layer film. However, in the case of the multi thin-layer films, there was no change in the surface morphology following heat-treatment. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.