Stakeholders' influence on environmental strategy and performance indicators: A managerial perspective

This paper explores how managers perceive stakeholders' influence for the choice of internal environmental performance indicators (EPI) that underlie strategic performance measurement systems. Drawing on the concept of levers of control, we conduct a field investigation within a large multinational firm operating in an environmentally sensitive industry. The firm pursues a proactive environmental strategy driven by a willingness to achieve corporate economic success while taking environmental issues into consideration. Our investigation encompasses interviews with key environmental executives and a review of corporate documents. We show that EPI are used as interactive and diagnostic controls, with stakeholders' influences being integrated into the corporation through its beliefs system. We find that four distinct influence patterns emerge. These influence patterns range from being narrow and unidirectional to very broad and interactive, conditional upon the firm's environmental impact on specific stakeholders, and its need for legitimization. The study extends research on the relationships between stakeholders and corporate environmental management and reveals ways in which strategic performance measurement systems integrate environmental considerations. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.