Flux upper limits for 47 AGN observed with HESS in 2004-2011

被引:16
作者
Abramowski, A. [1 ]
Aharonian, F. [2 ,3 ,4 ]
Benkhali, F. Ait [2 ]
Akhperjanian, A. G. [4 ,5 ]
Anguener, E. [6 ]
Anton, G. [7 ]
Balenderan, S. [8 ]
Balzer, A. [9 ,10 ]
Barnacka, A. [11 ]
Becherini, Y. [12 ]
Tjus, J. Becker [13 ]
Bernloehr, K. [2 ,6 ]
Birsin, E. [6 ]
Bissaldi, E. [14 ]
Biteau, J. [15 ]
Boettcher, M. [16 ]
Boisson, C. [17 ]
Bolmont, J. [18 ]
Bordas, P. [19 ]
Brucker, J. [7 ]
Brun, F. [2 ,20 ]
Brun, P.
Bulik, T. [21 ]
Carrigan, S. [2 ]
Casanova, S. [2 ,16 ]
Cerruti, M. [17 ]
Chadwick, P. M. [8 ]
Chalme-Calvet, R. [18 ]
Chaves, R. C. G. [20 ]
Cheesebrough, A. [8 ]
Chretien, M. [18 ]
Colafrancesco, S. [22 ]
Cologna, G. [23 ]
Conrad, J. [24 ]
Couturier, C. [18 ]
Cui, Y. [19 ]
Dalton, M. [25 ]
Daniel, M. K. [8 ]
Davids, I. D. [16 ,26 ]
Degrange, B. [15 ]
Deil, C. [2 ]
dewilt, P. [27 ]
Dicldnson, H. J. [24 ]
Djannati-Atai, A. [28 ]
Domainko, W. [2 ]
Drury, L. O'C. [3 ]
Dubus, G. [29 ]
Dutson, K. [30 ]
Dyks, J. [11 ]
Dyrda, M. [31 ]
机构
[1] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
[2] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
[3] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland
[4] Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
[5] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia
[6] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
[7] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
[8] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England
[9] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
[10] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
[11] Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland
[12] Linnaeus Univ, Dept Phys & Elect Engn, S-35195 Vaxjo, Sweden
[13] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
[14] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
[15] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
[16] North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa
[17] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris, LUTH, F-92190 Meudon, France
[18] Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, CNRS IN2P3, LPNHE, F-75252 Paris 5, France
[19] Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany
[20] CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
[21] Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland
[22] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
[23] Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
[24] Univ Stockholm, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, Albanova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[25] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France
[26] Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Windhoek, Namibia
[27] Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
[28] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu, Sorbonne Paris Cite,Observ Paris,APC, Paris 13, France
[29] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS INSU, Inst Planetol & Astrophys Grenoble, UMR 5274, F-38041 Grenoble, France
[30] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England
[31] Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
[32] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France
[33] Univ Savoie, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France
[34] Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland
[35] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Torun Ctr Astron, PL-87100 Torun, Poland
[36] Univ Orange Free State, Dept Phys, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa
[37] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, CR-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
基金
英国科学技术设施理事会; 美国国家科学基金会; 新加坡国家研究基金会;
关键词
gamma rays: galaxies; galaxies: active; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; LAC OBJECTS; DISCOVERY; REDSHIFT; SPECTRA;
D O I
10.1051/0004-6361/201322897
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Context. About 40% of the observation time of the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is dedicated to studying active galactic nuclei (AGN), with the aim of increasing the sample of known extragalactic very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) sources and constraining the physical processes at play in potential emitters. Aims. H.E.S.S. observations of AGN, spanning a period from April 2004 to December 2011, are investigated to constrain their gamma-ray fluxes. Only the 47 sources without significant excess detected at the position of the targets are presented. Methods. Upper limits on VHE fluxes of the targets were computed and a search for variability was performed on the nightly time scale. Results. For 41 objects, the flux upper limits we derived are the most constraining reported to date. These constraints at VHE are compared with the flux level expected from extrapolations of Fermi-LAT measurements in the two-year catalog of AGN. The H.E.S.S. upper limits are at least a factor of two lower than the extrapolated Fermi-LAT fluxes for 11 objects Taking into account the attenuation by the extragalactic background light reduces the tension for all but two of them, suggesting intrinsic curvature in the high-energy spectra of these two AGN. Conclusions. Compilation efforts led by current VHE instruments are of critical importance for target-selection strategies before the advent of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA).
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页数:10
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Bolmont, J. ;
Bordas, P. ;
Brucker, J. ;
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Bulik, T. ;
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Deil, C. ;
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