Knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among hospitalised patients in a tertiary general hospital in China and their attitudes: a cross-sectional survey

Objectives We aimed to gain a better understanding of patients' practice of hand hygiene (HH) and their knowledge and attitudes. Design A cross-sectional survey. Setting A 3500-bed university-affiliated medical hospital in China. Participants Inpatients and their family members or caregivers. Methods An anonymous, self-reported questionnaire were used to collect data. Results A total of 376 questionnaires were issued, and 310 respondents completed it. Of the 310 respondents, 47.4% had received HH education, and 13.5% had a completing understanding of HH. A majority of patients believed that handwashing was important for disease recovery, and that it could prevent infection development. A total of 62.3% of patients washed their hands < 5 times a day and 49.0% spent < 1 min every time. With regards to the seven steps of handwashing, 96.45% of the respondents adhered to the first step (washing the palms), but only 20.6% adhered to the fifth step (thumbs) and 17.7% to the sixth step (fingertips). Most respondents washed their hands only when visibly dirty. Few patients washed their hands before drinking fluids, and before and after interacting with visitors. HH compliance was lower among intensive care unit patients than medical patients. Conclusions In conclusion, this study demonstrated that patients had a positive attitude towards HH. However, their levels of knowledge and practice were unsatisfactory. A systematical education about patientHH is needed in future to correct this knowledge and behaviour.