Costs of Hospitalization for Stroke Patients Aged 18-64 Years in the United States

Background: Estimates for the average cost of stroke have varied 20-fold in the United States. To provide a robust cost estimate, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the hospitalization costs for stroke patients by diagnosis status and event type. Methods: Using the 2006-2008 MarketScan inpatient database, we identified 97,374 hospitalizations with a primary or secondary diagnosis of stroke. We analyzed the costs after stratifying the hospitalizations by stroke type (hemorrhagic, ischemic, and other strokes) and diagnosis status (primary and secondary). We employed regressions to estimate the impact of event type and diagnosis status on costs while controlling for major potential confounders. Results: Among the 97,374 hospitalizations (average cost: $20,396 +/- $23,256), the number with ischemic, hemorrhagic, or other strokes was 62,637, 16,331, and 48,208, respectively, with these types having average costs, in turn, of $18,963 +/- $21,454, $32,035 +/- $32,046, and $19,248 +/- $21,703. A majority (62%) of the hospitalizations had stroke listed as a secondary diagnosis only. Regression analysis found that, overall, hemorrhagic stroke cost $14,499 more than ischemic stroke (P < .001). For hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of ischemic stroke, those with a secondary diagnosis of ischemic heart disease (IHD) had costs that were $9836 higher (P < .001) than those without IHD. Conclusions: The costs of hospitalizations involving stroke are high and vary greatly by type of stroke, diagnosis status, and comorbidities. These findings should be incorporated into cost-effective strategies to reduce the impact of stroke.