Iron(III) Catecholates for Cellular Imaging and Photocytotoxicity in Red Light

Iron(III) complexes [ Fe(L)(L') (NO3)]-in which L is phenyl-N, N-bis[(pyridin-2-yl) methyl]methanamine (1), (anthracen-9-yl)N, N-bis[(pyridin-2-yl) methyl] methanamine (2), (pyreny-1-yl)-N, N-bis[(pyridin- 2-yl) methyl] methanamine (3-5), and L' is catecholate (1-3), 4-tert-butyl catecholate (4), and 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene- 1,2-diolate (5)-were synthesized and their photocytotoxic proper-ties examined. The five electron-paramagnetic complexes displayed a FeIII/ Fe-II redox couple near similar to 0.4 V versus a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) in DMF/0.1m tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP). They showed unpre-cedented photocytotoxicity in red light (600-720 nm) to give IC50-15 mm in various cell lines by means of apoptosis to generate reactive oxygen species. They were ingested in the nucleus of HeLa and HaCaT cells in 4 h, thereby interacting favorably with calf thymus (ct)-DNA and photocleaving pUC19 DNA in red light of 785 nm to form hydroxyl radicals.