Phthalate intake by infants calculated from biomonitoring data

Urine samples (n = 207) of 47 infants between 1- and 5-month of age were quantitated for 12 metabolites of 7 phthalates and compared with samples collected from the mothers of the infants at different time points. Median and 95-percentile were lower for all metabolites in urine samples of infants compared to mothers. For di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) the 95-percentile daily intake was 23.3 mu g/kg b.w. for mothers and 5.4 mu g/kg b.w. for infants and for di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP) 10.1 mu g/kg b. w. and 8.5 mu g/kg b. w. Some values exceeded the corresponding tolerable daily intake (TDI) for DiBP for infants and mothers and for DEHP and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) only for mothers. Both, infants and mothers are able to efficiently form phase II metabolites but infants with a slightly lower degree. Therefore, a distinguished risk assessment with respect to the formed toxic metabolites of phthalates would be necessary in combination with a reduction of the most toxic phthalates. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.