Colorectal Cancer Preoperative Evaluation and Staging

Colorectal tumor staging has evolved over time, but not dramatically. Refinements in our understanding of the influence of tumor genetics, and the evolution of the use of technologies like MRI for rectal cancer staging, have changed the way we evaluate and consider colon and rectal cancers in the last 10 years. CT scanning for assessment of distant disease, a good history and physical examination, and colonoscopic assessment for location still dominate our staging paradigm. The staging of colorectal cancer is a multidisciplinary endeavor. Coordination and cooperation between surgery, gastroenterology, medical oncology, pathology, and radiology are key features of successful staging of colorectal cancer and the first key step toward accurate diagnosis and treatment.