Assessing barriers to patient acceptance of pharmacist-provided recommendations for international travel

Objectives: The primary objectives of this study were to determine the percentage of travel recommendations accepted by individuals serviced at a university travel health clinic and to identify barriers to travel recommendation acceptance or implementation by travelers. A secondary objective was to use details regarding the identified barriers to refine travel clinic protocols. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized an 11-item questionnaire, conducted via telephone from February 2018 to April 2018. The survey was administered by a pharmacist employed at the travel clinic. The following data were collected: travel itinerary, content of pharmacist provided travel recommendation(s), acceptance of pharmacist travel recommendation( s) or reason for declining the recommendation(s), patient utilization of supplemental recommendations (e.g., traveler's diarrhea treatment flowchart, over-the-counter travel items, accessing medical care abroad), perceived usefulness of travel clinic resources, and the status of patient health during travel and upon return. Data was evaluated using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 205 travelers were screened to participate in the study; 85 surveys were completed, resulting in a 41% response rate. Of 349 travel vaccination recommendations made, 242 (69%) were accepted by patients. The vaccine recommendations with the lowest acceptance were Japanese Encephalitis (18%, n = 2/11), rabies (27%, n = 15/55), and influenza (51%, n = 41/80). The top reasons for declining included cost (40%, n = 34), lack of perceived necessity (37%, n = 31), and timing (16%, n = 14). In addition, 68% reported using travel clinic advice if they became ill during travel. Conclusion: This study showed a positive response to recommendations provided by this travel clinic. Cost and 'lack of perceived necessity' were identified as barriers to acceptance of recommendations. Travel clinic protocols will be refined to provide further education to travelers about unfamiliar disease states that may pose an increased risk during travel, aiming to increase acceptance of pharmacist-provided recommendations. (C) 2019 American Pharmacists Association (R). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.